{"id":8058,"date":"2011-12-14T21:34:51","date_gmt":"2011-12-14T21:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tajdini.net\/blog\/2011\/12\/14\/basic-network-concepts\/"},"modified":"2011-12-14T21:34:51","modified_gmt":"2011-12-14T21:34:51","slug":"basic-network-concepts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tajdini.net\/blog\/cisco-and-networking\/basic-network-concepts\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/a>
\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 <\/a>
\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 utp<\/a>
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 hub <\/a>
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 switch <\/a>
\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631 <\/a>
\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0686 <\/a><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627, \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc , \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631, \u0686\u0627\u067e\u06af\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af , \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f, \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u062f <\/div>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f <\/div>\n
1.physical address<\/strong> (MAC) 48 bit
2.logical address<\/strong> (IP) 32 bit <\/p>\n

MAC<\/strong>=M<\/strong>edia A<\/strong>ccess C<\/strong>ontroller
IP<\/strong>=I<\/strong>nternet P<\/strong>rotocol<\/div>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f<\/div>\n
run –>cmd –> ipconfig \/all<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u067e \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f<\/div>\n
run –>cmd –> getmac<\/strong><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647<\/strong><\/div>\n
1.\u064fco-axial cable
2.TP cable(T<\/strong>wisted P<\/strong>air)
3.Fiber optical cable<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
\n
co-axial cable<\/strong><\/div>\n

<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0633\u0644 (\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631) \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc,\u06cc\u06a9 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 ,\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0634 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/div>\n
\n
\"co-axial-cable\"<\/div>\n
<\/p>\n
TP cable<\/strong>(T<\/strong>wisted P<\/strong>air)<\/div>\n
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f .\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a . \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f<\/div>\n
\n
STP<\/strong>(S<\/strong>hielded T<\/strong>wisted P<\/strong>air)<\/div>\n
UTP<\/strong>(U<\/strong>nshielded T<\/strong>wisted P<\/strong>air)<\/div>\n
\"TP<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
STP<\/strong>(S<\/strong>hielded T<\/strong>wisted P<\/strong>air) <\/strong><\/div>\n
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u06cc .\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0634 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f.\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
UTP<\/strong>(U<\/strong>nshielded T<\/strong>wisted P<\/strong>air)<\/div>\n

<\/strong><\/div>\n

\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0641\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0633\u062a.\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u067e\u0647\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/div>\n
Fiber optical cable <\/strong>
\u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u06af\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f ,\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f.\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/div>\n
\n
\"Fiber<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
 UTP CABLE\u0627<\/strong><\/a>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc <\/strong><\/div>\n
straight-through cable
cross-over cable
rolled cable<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n